Label Shift has been widely believed to be harmful to the generalization performance of machine learning models. Researchers have proposed many approaches to mitigate the impact of the label shift, e.g., balancing the training data. However, these methods often consider the underparametrized regime, where the sample size is much larger than the data dimension. The research under the overparametrized regime is very limited. To bridge this gap, we propose a new asymptotic analysis of the Fisher Linear Discriminant classifier for binary classification with label shift. Specifically, we prove that there exists a phase transition phenomenon: Under certain overparametrized regime, the classifier trained using imbalanced data outperforms the counterpart with reduced balanced data. Moreover, we investigate the impact of regularization to the label shift: The aforementioned phase transition vanishes as the regularization becomes strong.

过度参数化的神经网络在复杂数据上具有很大的代表能力，更重要的是产生足够平滑的输出，这对于它们的概括和稳健性至关重要。大多数现有函数近似理论表明，使用足够多的参数，神经网络可以很好地近似于功能值的某些类别的函数。然而，神经网络本身可能是高度平滑的。为了弥合这一差距，我们以卷积残留网络（Rescresnets）为例，并证明大型响应不仅可以在功能值方面近似目标函数，而且还可以表现出足够的一阶平滑度。此外，我们将理论扩展到在低维歧管上支持的近似功能。我们的理论部分证明了在实践中使用深层网络的好处。提供了关于对抗性鲁棒图像分类的数值实验，以支持我们的理论。

本文提出了一种深入学习辅助合成方法，用于使用3D EM结构的RF / MM波被动匹配网络直接端到端生成。与从目标电路分量值和目标拓扑结构合成EM结构的现有方法不同，我们所提出的方法实现了从所需性能值的网络拓扑到输入的网络拓扑的直接合成。我们在片上1：1个变压器的阻抗匹配网络上展示所提出的合成神经网络（NN）模型。通过利用参数共享，综合NN模型成功提取了输入阻抗和负载电容器的相关特征，并在45nm的SOI进程中预测了变压器3D EM几何体，该过程将与标准50 $ \ Omega $负载匹配目标输入阻抗吸收两个装载电容器。作为概念验证，合成了几个示例变压器几何形状，并在ANSYS HFS中验证以提供所需的输入阻抗。

无限尺寸空间之间的学习运营商是机器学习，成像科学，数学建模和仿真等广泛应用中出现的重要学习任务。本文研究了利用深神经网络的Lipschitz运营商的非参数估计。 Non-asymptotic upper bounds are derived for the generalization error of the empirical risk minimizer over a properly chosen network class.在假设目标操作员表现出低维结构的情况下，由于训练样本大小增加，我们的误差界限衰减，根据我们估计中的内在尺寸，具有吸引力的快速速度。我们的假设涵盖了实际应用中的大多数情况，我们的结果通过利用操作员估算中的低维结构来产生快速速率。我们还研究了网络结构（例如，网络宽度，深度和稀疏性）对神经网络估计器的泛化误差的影响，并提出了对网络结构的选择来定量地最大化学习效率的一般建议。

生成的对抗网络（GAN）在无监督学习方面取得了巨大的成功。尽管具有显着的经验表现，但关于gan的统计特性的理论研究有限。本文提供了gan的近似值和统计保证，以估算具有H \“ {o} lder空间密度的数据分布。我们的主要结果表明，如果正确选择了生成器和鉴别器网络架构，则gan是一致的估计器在较强的差异指标下的数据分布（例如Wasserstein-1距离。 ，这不受环境维度的诅咒。我们对低维数据的分析基于具有Lipschitz连续性保证的神经网络的通用近似理论，这可能具有独立的兴趣。

Deep learning models can achieve high accuracy when trained on large amounts of labeled data. However, real-world scenarios often involve several challenges: Training data may become available in installments, may originate from multiple different domains, and may not contain labels for training. Certain settings, for instance medical applications, often involve further restrictions that prohibit retention of previously seen data due to privacy regulations. In this work, to address such challenges, we study unsupervised segmentation in continual learning scenarios that involve domain shift. To that end, we introduce GarDA (Generative Appearance Replay for continual Domain Adaptation), a generative-replay based approach that can adapt a segmentation model sequentially to new domains with unlabeled data. In contrast to single-step unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA), continual adaptation to a sequence of domains enables leveraging and consolidation of information from multiple domains. Unlike previous approaches in incremental UDA, our method does not require access to previously seen data, making it applicable in many practical scenarios. We evaluate GarDA on two datasets with different organs and modalities, where it substantially outperforms existing techniques.

The development of social media user stance detection and bot detection methods rely heavily on large-scale and high-quality benchmarks. However, in addition to low annotation quality, existing benchmarks generally have incomplete user relationships, suppressing graph-based account detection research. To address these issues, we propose a Multi-Relational Graph-Based Twitter Account Detection Benchmark (MGTAB), the first standardized graph-based benchmark for account detection. To our knowledge, MGTAB was built based on the largest original data in the field, with over 1.55 million users and 130 million tweets. MGTAB contains 10,199 expert-annotated users and 7 types of relationships, ensuring high-quality annotation and diversified relations. In MGTAB, we extracted the 20 user property features with the greatest information gain and user tweet features as the user features. In addition, we performed a thorough evaluation of MGTAB and other public datasets. Our experiments found that graph-based approaches are generally more effective than feature-based approaches and perform better when introducing multiple relations. By analyzing experiment results, we identify effective approaches for account detection and provide potential future research directions in this field. Our benchmark and standardized evaluation procedures are freely available at: https://github.com/GraphDetec/MGTAB.

As one of the prevalent methods to achieve automation systems, Imitation Learning (IL) presents a promising performance in a wide range of domains. However, despite the considerable improvement in policy performance, the corresponding research on the explainability of IL models is still limited. Inspired by the recent approaches in explainable artificial intelligence methods, we proposed a model-agnostic explaining framework for IL models called R2RISE. R2RISE aims to explain the overall policy performance with respect to the frames in demonstrations. It iteratively retrains the black-box IL model from the randomized masked demonstrations and uses the conventional evaluation outcome environment returns as the coefficient to build an importance map. We also conducted experiments to investigate three major questions concerning frames' importance equality, the effectiveness of the importance map, and connections between importance maps from different IL models. The result shows that R2RISE successfully distinguishes important frames from the demonstrations.

Compressed videos often exhibit visually annoying artifacts, known as Perceivable Encoding Artifacts (PEAs), which dramatically degrade video visual quality. Subjective and objective measures capable of identifying and quantifying various types of PEAs are critical in improving visual quality. In this paper, we investigate the influence of four spatial PEAs (i.e. blurring, blocking, bleeding, and ringing) and two temporal PEAs (i.e. flickering and floating) on video quality. For spatial artifacts, we propose a visual saliency model with a low computational cost and higher consistency with human visual perception. In terms of temporal artifacts, self-attention based TimeSFormer is improved to detect temporal artifacts. Based on the six types of PEAs, a quality metric called Saliency-Aware Spatio-Temporal Artifacts Measurement (SSTAM) is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art metrics. We believe that SSTAM will be beneficial for optimizing video coding techniques.

We propose a distributionally robust return-risk model for Markov decision processes (MDPs) under risk and reward ambiguity. The proposed model optimizes the weighted average of mean and percentile performances, and it covers the distributionally robust MDPs and the distributionally robust chance-constrained MDPs (both under reward ambiguity) as special cases. By considering that the unknown reward distribution lies in a Wasserstein ambiguity set, we derive the tractable reformulation for our model. In particular, we show that that the return-risk model can also account for risk from uncertain transition kernel when one only seeks deterministic policies, and that a distributionally robust MDP under the percentile criterion can be reformulated as its nominal counterpart at an adjusted risk level. A scalable first-order algorithm is designed to solve large-scale problems, and we demonstrate the advantages of our proposed model and algorithm through numerical experiments.